辽宁中医药大学学报

白芍为我国常用大宗药材，药用历史悠久，具有柔肝止痛、敛阴止汗、养血调经等功效，临床应用广泛，是风湿类疾病、自身免疫病以及肝病治疗组方中的重要中药之一。在现代医学中，针对白芍的化学成分和药理作用研究日益增多，但对白芍品种、产地及栽培历史的研究较少。经考证发现，早在夏、商、周时期芍药就作为园艺观赏品，在宫廷中种植，早期白、赤芍药不分，各医家用药多以芍药作为统称，至南北朝陶弘景在《本草经集注》中首次提出“赤白”之说，唐宋时期逐步出现白、赤芍药分化。汉魏时期白芍多为野生品，该时期本草典籍中并无芍药植物形态的描写，至宋朝开始以栽培芍药入药，苏颂的《本草图经》首次详细记载芍药的植物形态。在长期栽培期间，以浙江、安徽、四川及山东所产的杭白芍、亳白芍、川白芍、菏泽白芍品质较佳。白芍用药需求较大，但各地栽培品种混杂，种质退化严重，不利于白芍的现代临床应用。因此，有必要查阅本草典籍及现代研究文献，进一步厘清白芍品种、产地及栽培历史的变迁，正本清源，为白芍的深入研究提供本草学依据。

Baishao(Paeoniae Radix Alba) is a commonly used bulk medicinal material in China.It has a long history of medicinal use. It has the effects of softening liver and relieving pain, restraining Yin and stopping sweating, nourishing blood and regulating menstruation. It is widely used in clinical practice. It is one of the important traditional Chinese medicines in the treatment of rheumatic diseases, autoimmune diseases and liver diseases. In modern medicine, studies on the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Baishao(Paeoniae Radix Alba) are increasing, but there are few studies on the varieties, habitat and cultivation history of Baishao(Paeoniae Radix Alba). Through textual research, it is found that as early as the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Paeonia lactiflora Pall. was used as a horticultural ornamental and planted in the court. In the early days, Baishao(Paeoniae Radix Alba) and Chishao(Paeoniae Radix Rubra) were not divided, and most doctors used Paeonia lactiflora Pall.as a general term. In the Southern and Northern Dynasties, TAO Hongjing first proposed the theory of “Chishao(Paeoniae Radix Rubra) and Baishao(Paeoniae Radix Alba) ” in the Bencaojing Jizhu and the differentiation of Chishao(Paeoniae Radix Rubra) and Baishao(Paeoniae Radix Alba) gradually appeared in the Tang and Song Dynasties. In the Han and Wei Dynasties, Baishao(Paeoniae Radix Alba) was mostly wild, there was no description of the plant morphology of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. in the herbal classics of this period. In the Song Dynasty, Baishao(Paeoniae Radix Alba) was cultivated and used as medicine. SU Song accurately recorded the plant morphology of Baishao(Paeoniae Radix Alba) for the first time in Bencao Tujing. During the long-term cultivation, the quality of Hangbaishao, Bobaishao, Chuanbaishao and Hezebaishao produced in Zhejiang, Anhui, Sichuan and Shandong were better. The demand for Baishao(Paeoniae Radix Alba) is large, but the cultivated varieties are mixed and the germplasm degradation is serious, which is not conducive to the modern clinical application of Baishao(Paeoniae Radix Alba). Therefore, it is necessary to further clarify the related changes in the varieties, origin and cultivation history of Baishao(Paeoniae Radix Alba) by consulting the herbal classics and modern research literature, and to carry out the herbal textual research on it in order to provide the basis for the in-depth study Baishao(Paeoniae Radix Alba).